Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

Which of the following medications are typically administered via the subcutaneous route?

1. Heparin

2. Insulin and epinephrine

3. Morphine

4. Atropine

The correct answer is: Insulin and epinephrine

The administration of medications via the subcutaneous route is often used for drugs that require gradual absorption and prolonged effects. In this case, insulin and epinephrine are both well-known medications that are commonly delivered through subcutaneous injections. Insulin is typically administered subcutaneously to manage blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. This route allows insulin to be absorbed slowly into the bloodstream, providing a stable level of the medication over time, which is essential for maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Epinephrine can also be administered subcutaneously, especially in cases of anaphylaxis or severe allergic reactions, where it helps to counteract the effects of the allergic response. The subcutaneous route for epinephrine allows for a rapid onset of action, which is crucial in emergency situations. On the other hand, heparin, although sometimes given subcutaneously, is more commonly associated with intravenous administration in acute care settings. Morphine is typically administered through the intravenous route for rapid pain relief, while atropine is generally delivered either intravenously or intramuscularly for specific indications such as treating bradycardia. Thus, in this context, insulin and epinephrine are the primary medications associated with the subcutaneous route.